This document highlights (briefly) the solid basis of evidence that supports reproductive rights and the benefits that reproductive health can bring for all people. It sets these within the framework of international agreements and covenants. It then outlines areas of controversy, exploring the complex ways in which perceptions and practice link these controversies to cultural and religious beliefs. It highlights some of the specific approaches that are affirmed by leaders and scholars of several major religious traditions, and notes areas of internal debate and reflection. The final section highlights some noteworthy approaches and programs led by religious actors that demonstrate what can be achieved through partnership.